ACIDITY
The term "aciduria" refers to the abnormal presence of acids in the urine. There are many types of aciduria, which differ according to the specific substances excreted and the underlying causes. Here are some of the most common types of aciduria:
Types of aciduria
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Organic aciduria: This type of aciduria involves an excess of organic acids in the urine. Organic acids are carbon-containing compounds produced during normal metabolism. Organic acidurias are a group of conditions in which the enzymes needed to break down certain organic acids are defective or absent. This leads to a harmful accumulation of acids.
- Examples of organic aciduria include: methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, etc.
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Lactic aciduria: This is a common type of aciduria that occurs as a result of the accumulation of lactic acid in the urine. Intense exercise or certain medical conditions can cause lactic aciduria.
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Diabetic ketoaciduria (DKA): This is a serious complication of diabetes that is not effectively controlled. The body begins to use fat for energy instead of glucose, a process that leads to the production of acidic ketone bodies that are excreted in the urine.
Causes of aciduria
The underlying causes of acidity can vary greatly, here are some of the most common:
- Hereditary medical conditions: Certain genetic disorders can affect the body's ability to metabolise various compounds, leading to their excretion in the urine as acids.
- Dehydration: Lack of hydration can concentrate urine, increasing acidity and promoting kidney stone formation.
- Kidney disease: Kidney disease or blockages in the urinary tract can influence the elimination of acids through urine.
- Uncontrolled diabetes: Without enough insulin, the body can go into diabetic ketoacidosis, requiring emergency medical intervention.
- Medically: Certain medications or supplements can influence acid production and excretion.
Diagnosis
Aciduria is often discovered by routine urine screening as part of general medical tests. If a specific underlying condition is suspected, other specific tests can help confirm the diagnosis. These may include:
- Blood tests
- Genetic testing
- Imaging studies (X-ray, ultrasound, CT)
Treatment and management
Specific treatment for aciduria will focus on identifying and controlling the underlying condition. For example:
- Controlled diet: Dietary restrictions may be indicated in hereditary metabolic disorders to avoid substances that cannot be processed and accumulate.
- Proper hydration: Ensuring sufficient fluid intake will prevent excessive acidification of the urine.
- Medication: Certain conditions, such as kidney failure or diabetes, may require medication.
